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非球面鏡片相關知識

發表時間:2022-10-21 瀏覽次數:3132

1,技術原理(li)

非(fei)球(qiu)面(mian)透鏡,曲率半徑隨著中心(xin)軸而變(bian)化,用(yong)以改進光(guang)學品(pin)質,減(jian)少光(guang)學元(yuan)件(jian),降低設(she)計成(cheng)本。非(fei)球(qiu)面(mian)透鏡相對于球(qiu)面(mian)透鏡具有(you)獨特的優(you)勢(shi),因此在(zai)光(guang)學儀器(qi)(qi)、圖像、光(guang)電子工(gong)業(ye)得到了廣泛的應用(yong),例如數碼(ma)相機、CD播放器(qi)(qi)、高端(duan)顯微儀器(qi)(qi)。   


2,對(dui)比優勢   a 球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)差(cha)(cha)校準(zhun)   非(fei)(fei)(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)用(yong)(yong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)替換球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing),最顯著的(de)(de)(de)優勢在于可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)修正球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)在準(zhun)直和聚焦系(xi)統中所帶(dai)來的(de)(de)(de)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)差(cha)(cha)。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)調整曲面(mian)(mian)(mian)常(chang)數(shu)和非(fei)(fei)(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)系(xi)數(shu),非(fei)(fei)(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)最大(da)(da)限度(du)的(de)(de)(de)消除(chu)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)差(cha)(cha)。非(fei)(fei)(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(光(guang)線匯聚到同一(yi)點(dian),提供(gong)光(guang)學品(pin)質(zhi)),基本上(shang)消除(chu)了球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)所產生的(de)(de)(de)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)差(cha)(cha)(光(guang)線匯聚到不(bu)同點(dian),導致成(cheng)像(xiang)模糊)。   采用(yong)(yong)三片球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing),增大(da)(da)有效焦距(ju),用(yong)(yong)于消除(chu)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)差(cha)(cha)。但是,一(yi)片非(fei)(fei)(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(高(gao)(gao)數(shu)值(zhi)孔徑,短焦距(ju))就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)實現,并且簡(jian)化(hua)系(xi)統設(she)計和提供(gong)光(guang)的(de)(de)(de)透(tou)(tou)(tou)過(guo)率(lv)。   b 系(xi)統優勢   非(fei)(fei)(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)簡(jian)化(hua)了光(guang)學工程師為(wei)了提高(gao)(gao)光(guang)學品(pin)質(zhi)所涉及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)元素,同時提高(gao)(gao)了系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)。例如在變焦系(xi)統中,通(tong)(tong)常(chang)情況下10片或者更多的(de)(de)(de)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)被采用(yong)(yong)(附(fu)加:高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)機械(xie)容(rong)差(cha)(cha),額(e)外裝配(pei)程序,提高(gao)(gao)抗(kang)反(fan)射(she)鍍(du)膜(mo)),然(ran)而(er)1片或者2片非(fei)(fei)(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)實現類似或更好的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)學品(pin)質(zhi), 從而(er)減小系(xi)統尺寸,提高(gao)(gao)成(cheng)本率(lv),降低系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)綜合成(cheng)本。 


3,成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)   a 精(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)模(mo)(mo)壓(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)   精(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)模(mo)(mo)壓(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing),是(shi)將(jiang)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)材(cai)料(liao)加(jia)熱(re)至高(gao)(gao)溫而變(bian)得(de)具(ju)有(you)可塑(su)性(xing),通過非(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)來(lai)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing),然(ran)后逐步冷(leng)卻至室溫。目前(qian)(qian),精(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)模(mo)(mo)壓(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing),不(bu)適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)直徑大(da)于(yu)10mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。但是(shi),新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)具(ju)、光(guang)學(xue)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)和(he)計量過程,都在(zai)推動(dong)該項技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展。 精(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)玻(bo)璃(li)(li)模(mo)(mo)壓(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing),雖然(ran)在(zai)設計初(chu)期時(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)較高(gao)(gao)(高(gao)(gao)精(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)開(kai)發),但是(shi)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)后,生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)品質(zhi)(zhi)產品可以平攤掉前(qian)(qian)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben),特(te)別(bie)適(shi)合(he)于(yu)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)大(da)批(pi)量生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)合(he)。   b 精(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)   研磨和(he)拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)一般適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)一次生(sheng)(sheng)產單片(pian)非(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)合(he),隨著技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提高(gao)(gao),其精(jing)(jing)度越來(lai)越高(gao)(gao)。最為(wei)(wei)顯著,精(jing)(jing)準拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)由計算機進行控制,自動(dong)調整以實(shi)現參數優化(hua)。如(ru)果(guo)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)更高(gao)(gao)品質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拋(pao)(pao)光(guang),磁(ci)流(liu)變(bian)拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)(magneto-rheological finishing)將(jiang)被采用(yong)。磁(ci)流(liu)變(bian)拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)相對于(yu)標準拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)而言(yan),具(ju)有(you)更高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能和(he)更短的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間。精(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)拋(pao)(pao)光(guang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing),需(xu)(xu)要(yao)專(zhuan)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設備,目前(qian)(qian)是(shi)樣品制作和(he)小批(pi)量試樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)首要(yao)選(xuan)擇(ze)。   c 混合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)   混合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing),以球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)基底(di),通過非(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)在(zai)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)壓(ya)鑄并采用(yong)紫外光(guang)固化(hua)上一層(ceng)高(gao)(gao)分子聚合(he)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)體(ti)。混合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing),一般采用(yong)消(xiao)色(se)差(cha)(cha)(cha)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)基底(di),表面(mian)(mian)(mian)壓(ya)鑄一層(ceng)非(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian),用(yong)以實(shi)現同時(shi)消(xiao)除色(se)差(cha)(cha)(cha)和(he)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)。圖7是(shi)混合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)非(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制造(zao)工(gong)藝(yi)流(liu)程。混合(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)非(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing), 適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)附加(jia)特(te)性(xing)(同時(shi)消(xiao)除色(se)差(cha)(cha)(cha)和(he)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)),大(da)批(pi)量制造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)合(he)。   d 注塑(su)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)   除了玻(bo)璃(li)(li)材(cai)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),還存在(zai)塑(su)料(liao)材(cai)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。塑(su)料(liao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing),是(shi)將(jiang)熔融(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塑(su)料(liao)注射(she)入非(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)中。相對于(yu)玻(bo)璃(li)(li),塑(su)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)穩定(ding)性(xing)和(he)抗壓(ya)性(xing)較差(cha)(cha)(cha),需(xu)(xu)要(yao)經過特(te)別(bie)處(chu)理,以得(de)到類似(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。然(ran)而,塑(su)料(liao)非(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點是(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)低、重量輕、易(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing),廣泛應用(yong)于(yu)光(guang)學(xue)品質(zhi)(zhi)適(shi)中、熱(re)穩定(ding)性(xing)不(bu)敏感、抗壓(ya)力(li)不(bu)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)合(he)。   


4,選擇(ze)依據   各(ge)種類(lei)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing),都有(you)其自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)相對(dui)優(you)勢。因(yin)此(ci)針對(dui)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用場(chang)合,選擇(ze)合適的(de)(de)(de)(de)產品就現得很重(zhong)(zhong)要。主(zhu)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)考慮因(yin)素(su),包括:批(pi)(pi)(pi)量、品質(zhi)和(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)。   a 精密(mi)玻璃(li)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)非(fei)(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing), 具有(you)批(pi)(pi)(pi)量化生產和(he)(he)熱穩定(ding)性高的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian),適合于(yu)批(pi)(pi)(pi)量大、品質(zhi)高、熱穩定(ding)性高的(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)合   b 精密(mi)拋光(guang)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)非(fei)(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing),具有(you)制樣周期(qi)短和(he)(he)不(bu)需要模具的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian),適合于(yu)樣品制作(zuo)和(he)(he)小批(pi)(pi)(pi)量試(shi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)合   c 混合成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)非(fei)(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing),具有(you)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)差(cha)和(he)(he)色差(cha)同(tong)時校準的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian),適合于(yu)寬光(guang)譜、批(pi)(pi)(pi)量大、品質(zhi)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)合   d 塑料成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)非(fei)(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing),具有(you)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)低和(he)(he)重(zhong)(zhong)量輕的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian),適合于(yu)批(pi)(pi)(pi)量大、品質(zhi)適中(zhong)、熱穩定(ding)性不(bu)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)合   需要定(ding)制非(fei)(fei)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)面(mian)透(tou)(tou)(tou)鏡(jing)(jing)時(沒有(you)標準產品或者庫存產品不(bu)足(zu)),開發成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)、試(shi)樣成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)、批(pi)(pi)(pi)量化價格、交(jiao)貨周期(qi)等因(yin)素(su)都要考慮在內(nei)。